03961nam a2200181Ia 4500 27138 27138 OSt 20220926150017.0 140128s9999 xx 000 0 und d 630 USH/YI Usha C Thomas Yield and quality of Betelving (Piper betel L.) as influenced by planting material and integrated nutreient management Vellayani Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture 2004 PhD An investigation entitled 'Yield and quality of betelvine (Piper betel L.) as influenced by planting material and integrated nutrient management' was undertaken during 2001-2003 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram. The objectives of the study were to develop a suitable propagation technique to improve the establishment percentage of betelvine cuttings, to evolve an integrated nutrient management practice for improved productivity and quality of betelvine leaves and also to develop a suitable method for improving the shelf life of harvested betel leaves. In the propagation study (pot culture) eventhough earliest emergence of leaf was shown by the treatment in which top 'nodes were covered with polythene bag, highest percentage survival (72.34 %) was recorded when cuttings were dipped in IBA at the rate of 50 ug mrl for 12 hours. Three, four and five noded cutting were equally effective in increasing the percentage survival of cuttings. Although there was a varying trend in the response to substitution and type of organic manures, in general an increasing trend in growth and yield characters of betelvine was observed as the nitrogen application was increased from 60 to 90'kg ha' during both the years of crop growth. During both the years, highest yield was recorded by NC + urea in 2: 1 and 1: 1 ratio at 90 kg N ha-I. In first year PM + urea in 2: 1 ratio and in second year FYM + urea in 2: 1 ratio were found to be equally effective. NC + urea in 2: 1 ratio at 90 kg N ha-I recorded 59 per cent higher yield than farmer's practice, the control treatment. Pooled analysis of yield for two years indicated that the treatments are consistent in performance with respect to yield and there is no interaction between treatments and year. The study also showed that NC + urea in 2: 1 ratio is the best INM treatment (30.72 I ha') and was on par I1 with NC + urea in 1: 1 ratio (27.30 I ha-I) and FYM + urea to 2: 1 ratio (24.68 I ha"), all at 90 kg N ha-I. During first year farmer's practice and in second year NC + urea in 2: 1 ratio (90 kg N ha') recorded longest shelf life. During both the years of the study at almost all the stages analysed, NC + urea in 2: 1 ratio at 90 kg N ha" recorded the highest N, P and K content in marketable leaves. Highest Nand K uptake was seen in NC + urea combination and highest P uptake was seen in FYM + urea combination, at 90 kg N ha-I. Farmer's practice recorded highest Nand P status of soil after experiment and highest potassium availability was seen in PM + urea in 1:1 ratio at 90 kg N ha'. Highest sugar contents were recorded by FYM + urea and NC + urea in 2: 1 combinations at 90 kg N ha': Highest essential oil content during first year was recorded by FYM + urea mixture in 2: 1 ratio and in second year by NC + urea in 2: 1 ratio, both at 90 kg N ha'. During first year, highest BCR and net income were recorded by NC + urea in 2: 1 substitution and during second year by NC + urea in 1: 1 substitution, both at 90 kg N ha-I. The laboratory study on improvement of shelf life of betel leaves showed that wet gunny cloth and banana leaf sheath are the best packing materials as it recorded longest shelf life and lesser nutritional changes in leaves during storage. Chandini S (Guide) http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810015135 ddc TH 0 0 ddc 0 0 KAUCLV KAUCLV THESES 2014-03-18 0 630 USH/YI 172197 2014-03-18 00:00:00 2014-03-18 TH