03641nam a2200181Ia 4500 26979 26979 OSt 20220901140446.0 140128s9999 xx 000 0 und d 632.6 NIS/MA Nisha M M Management Of Stingless Bee Trigona Iridipennis Smith (Meliponinae: Apidae) In The Homesteads Of Kerala Vellayani Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture 2002 MSc With the objective of studying the management of stingless bees, Trigona iridipennis Smith in the homesteads of Kerala, studies were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2000-2001. Different management practices were tried. Division of the• bee colony could be successfully carried out by transferring equal amount of brood cells, pollen and honey pots along with queen to the different hives VIZ., wooden, bamboo and earthen pot with different capacities. Bamboo hive with capacity 1500cc was found to be more suitable for hiving T. iridipennis since the brood development, pollen storage, population buildup and honey storage were superior in this type of hive. Observations on handling of bees indicated that wooden hives were easy to handle compared to bamboo and earthen pot. Brood development and pollen storage were shown maximum during the month of February, while maximum honey storage was noticed during the month of April. Bee strength increased as the colony got established well. Presence of queen cells and drones were noticed from November to March during which population build up existed. The bee strength was also found to be . maximum in bamboo hive which had maximum brood, pollen and honey storage. Investigation on the reuse of emptied honey pots by the bees indicated that the bees reused it for reconstruction of worn off honey pot parts beneath and nearby. Investigations on the foraging activity of T. iridipennis showed two peak periods of activity one at 1200h and the other at 1500h and with maximum activity during July. It was observed in the present study that 76 plants were visited by the stingless bees for nectar or pollen or both. Of this twenty plants provided both nectar and pollen. Thirty five plants provided nectar only and 20 plants provided pollen only. The Trigona honeys collected from different tracts around Kerala varied widely in colour from light yellow to dark amber colour with all intermediate shades. The percentage of moisture varied from 18.96 to 20.48 in different districts of the state and pH ranged from 3.76-4.4. In all the honey samples the acidity ranged from 0.17-0.29 while the ash content varied from 0.17-0.19 per cent. The specific gravity also ranged from 1.3507-1.3775. The observations of reducing sugar indicated that it ranged from 77.12-69.85 per cent. The refractive index value also indicated variation from 1.4855 to 1.4891. The values on glucose and fructose per cent varied from 35.92-33.53 and 38.16-39.74 respectively. The glucose fructose ratio observed indicated variation from l.17 -1. 05. The sucrose per cent also seen varied from 1.23-l.81 and the values on specific heat varied slightly from 60.50-60.9. A dipteran fly Hermetia illucens L., a mite, Amblyscius sp. and Megachile disjuncta was newly identified as pest of T. iridipennis. Solenopsis geminata was also observed to attack weak colonies. No disease incidence was noticed. Devanesan S (Guide) http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810105949 ddc TH 0 0 ddc 0 0 KAUCLV KAUCLV THESES 2014-03-18 0 632.6 NIS/MA 172038 2014-03-18 00:00:00 2014-03-18 TH